Phytochemical Screening and Evaluation of Biological Activity of Root Extracts of Syzygium Samarangense

Phytochemical constituents are non-nutritive plant chemicals that have preventive and curative properties of disease. The use of plants and phytochemicals, both with known biological properties, can be of great significance in therapeutic treatment. The present study includes phytochemical screening and quantification of secondary metabolites and their biological activities of root extract of Syzygium samarangense. Phytochemical screening of the plant root extracts with ethyl acetate, methanol and water showed the presence of flavonoids, terpenoids and phenolic compounds. In aqueous extracts, Terpenoids with highest quantity (81.923 micrograms per gram extract) were estimated, whereas flavonoids are present only in methanolic extract and with an estimated quantity of 33.687 μg /per gram extract. Anti oxidant, anti inflammatory, and anti diabetic activity of these root extracts reveal that methanoilc extracts with flavonoids showed the high antioxidant, anti inflammatory and antimicrobial activity than the aqueous and ethyl acetate extract. Highest antidiabetic activity was observed in aqueous extract. Antimicrobial activity study reveals that gram positive bacterial strains are more sensitive than the gram negative bacteria to all the three types of root extracts. The present study reveals that the root extract of Syzygium samarangense is a potential source for phytochemicals for traditional use as therapeutics.